The village Thisvi lies on the south foot of Mount Helicon and was inhabited already since the Mycenaean times. Its ancient name survived until the early Byzantine period, while in the Byzantine era it was renamed Kastorion. During the middle Byzantine period and until the beginnings of the 20th c., it was known as Kakosi or Kastoria. South of Thisvi lies the seaport of the ancient town, the harbor Bathy, with traces of habitation until at least the 11th c.

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The Xeronomi community lies on the south foot of Mount Helicon, at an altitude of 190 m. It occupies a quite important site, lying a few kilometers from Thisvi, Thespiai and Alyke. Besides, at a close distance from modern-day community, ancient Donakon is reported by Pausanias. The existence of a settlement at Xeronomi during Byzantine times is attested by few but important archaeological findings that have come to light until today.

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The population growth in Boeotia through the Middle Byzantine and Frankish eras, to the 13th century, remained largely within the ancient settlement network. The 14th and early 15th centuries AD appear to have been a disastrous time for Boeotian settlements, with the large scale abandonment of most of the countryside, and a nucleation of population into the two regional towns of Thebes and Livadheia and a limited number of large villages. The florescence of Boeotian populations and economy...

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In the middle of the 6th century Thebes was flourishing. Slavic invasions, however, in 580 brought decline to the urban way of life during the transitional period of 7th- 8th c. At the end of the 9th century, the city was fixed as the seat of the general (strategos) of the theme of Hellas. In the next three centuries the city knew great economic prosperity. After the Frankish conquest it became capital of the Duchy of Athens and Thebes. Since 1460 the Ottomans became rulers until the...

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